In/in sentences/nns ,/, patterns/nns of/in stress/nn are/ber determined/vbn by/in complex/jj combinations/nns of/in influences/nns that/wps can/md only/rb be/be suggested/vbn here/rb ./.
The/at tendency/nn is/bez toward/in putting/vbg dominant/jj stress/nn at/in the/at end/nn ./.
There/ex is/bez a/at parallel/nn to/in this/dt tendency/nn in/in the/at assignment/nn of/in time/nn in/in long-known/jj hymn/nn tunes/nns ./.
Thus/rb the/at first/od lines/nns of/in one/cd of/in Charles/np Wesley's/np$ hymns/nns are/ber as/cs follows/vbz ./.
``/`` A/at charge/nn to/to keep/vb I/ppss have/hv ,/, A/at God/np to/to glorify/vb ''/'' ./.
In/in the/at tune/nn to/in which/wdt this/dt hymn/nn is/bez most/ql often/rb sung/vbn ,/, ``/`` Boylston/np ''/'' ,/, the/at syllables/nns have/hv and/cc fy/nn ,/, ending/vbg their/pp$ lines/nns ,/, have/hv twice/rb the/at time/nn any/dti other/ap syllables/nns have/hv ./.
Dominant/jj stress/nn is/bez of/in course/nn more/ap than/cs extended/vbn duration/nn ,/, and/cc normally/rb centers/vbz on/in syllables/nns that/wps would/md have/hv primary/jj stress/nn or/cc phrase/nn stress/nn if/cs the/at words/nns or/cc longer/jjr units/nns they/ppss are/ber parts/nns of/in were/bed spoken/vbn alone/rb :/: a/at dominant/jj stress/nn given/vbn to/in glorify/vb would/md normally/rb center/vb on/in its/pp$ first/od syllable/nn rather/rb than/cs its/pp$ last/ap ./.
But/cc the/at parallel/nn is/bez significant/jj ./.
When/wrb the/at answer/nn to/in what's/wdt wrong/jj now/rb ?/. ?/.
Is/bez Bill's/np broken/vbn a/at chair/nn ,/, dominant/jj stress/nn will/md usually/rb be/be on/in the/at complement/nn a/at chair/nn ./.
From/in the/at point/nn of/in view/nn of/in syntactic/jj analysis/nn the/at head/nn word/nn in/in the/at statement/nn is/bez the/at predicator/nn has/hvz broken/vbn ,/, and/cc from/in the/at point/nn of/in view/nn of/in meaning/nn it/pps would/md seem/vb that/cs the/at trouble/nn centers/vbz in/in the/at breaking/nn ;/. ;/.
but/cc dominant/jj stress/nn will/md be/be assigned/vbn to/in broken/vbn only/rb in/in rather/ql exceptional/jj versions/nns of/in the/at sentence/nn ./.
In/in I/ppss know/vb one/cd thing/nn dominant/jj stress/nn will/md usually/rb be/be on/in the/at complement/nn one/cd thing/nn ;/. ;/.
in/in one/cd thing/nn I/ppss know/vb it/pps will/md usually/rb be/be on/in the/at predicator/nn know/vb ./.
In/in small-town/nn people/nns are/ber very/ql friendly/jj dominant/jj stress/nn will/md generally/rb be/be on/in the/at complement/nn very/ql friendly/jj ;/. ;/.
in/in the/at double/jj sentence/nn the/at smaller/jjr the/at town/nn ,/, the/at friendlier/jjr the/at people/nns it/pps will/md generally/rb be/be on/in the/at subjects/nns the/at town/nn and/cc the/at people/nns ./.
In/in what's/wdt a/at linguist/nn ?/. ?/.
dominant/jj stress/nn will/md generally/rb be/be on/in the/at subject/nn a/at linguist/nn ;/. ;/.
in/in who's/wps a/at linguist/nn ?/nil it/pps will/md generally/rb be/be on/in the/at complement/nn a/at linguist/nn ./.
Dominant/jj stress/nn is/bez on/in her/pp$ luggage/nn both/abx in/in that's/dt her/pp$ luggage/nn ,/, where/wrb her/pp$ luggage/nn is/bez the/at complement/nn ,/, and/cc in/in there's/rb her/pp$ luggage/nn ,/, where/wrb it/pps is/bez the/at subject/nn ./.
Adverbial/jj second/od complements/nns ,/, however/rb ,/, are/ber likely/jj not/* to/to have/hv dominant/jj stress/nn when/wrb they/ppss terminate/vb sentences/nns ./.
If/cs the/at answer/nn to/in what/wdt was/bedz that/dt noise/nn ?/. ?/.
Is/bez George/np put/vbd the/at cat/nn out/rp ,/, dominant/jj stress/nn will/md ordinarily/rb be/be on/in the/at first/od complement/nn ,/, the/at cat/nn ,/, not/* the/at second/od complement/nn out/rp ./.
Final/jj adjuncts/nns may/md or/cc may/md not/* have/hv dominant/jj stress/nn ./.
If/cs the/at answer/nn to/in what/wdt was/bedz that/dt noise/nn ?/. ?/.
Is/bez George/np reads/vbz the/at news/nn emotionally/rb ,/, dominant/jj stress/nn may/md or/cc may/md not/* be/be on/in the/at adjunct/nn emotionally/rb ./.
When/wrb prepositional/jj complements/nns are/ber divided/vbn as/cs in/in what/wdt are/ber you/ppss looking/vbg for/in ?/. ?/.
They/ppss are/ber likely/jj to/to lose/vb dominant/jj stress/nn ./.


	Context/nn is/bez of/in extreme/jj importance/nn ./.
What/wdt is/bez new/jj in/in the/at context/nn is/bez likely/jj to/to be/be made/vbn more/ql prominent/jj than/cs what/wdt is/bez not/* ./.
Thus/rb in/in a/at context/nn in/in which/wdt there/ex has/hvz been/ben discussion/nn of/in snow/nn but/cc mention/nn of/in local/jj conditions/nns is/bez new/jj ,/, dominant/jj stress/nn will/md probably/rb be/be on/in here/rb in/in it/pps rarely/rb snows/vbz here/rb ,/, but/cc in/in a/at context/nn in/in which/wdt there/ex has/hvz been/ben discussion/nn of/in local/jj weather/nn but/cc no/at mention/nn of/in snow/nn ,/, dominant/jj stress/nn will/md probably/rb be/be on/in snows/vbz ./.
The/at personal/jj pronouns/nns and/cc substitute/jj one/pn are/ber normally/rb unstressed/jj because/cs they/ppss refer/vb to/in what/wdt is/bez prominent/jj in/in the/at immediate/jj context/nn ./.
In/in I'll/ppss go/vb with/in George/np dominant/jj stress/nn is/bez probably/rb on/in George/np ;/. ;/.
but/in if/cs George/np has/hvz just/rb been/ben mentioned/vbn prominently/rb (/( and/cc the/at trip/nn to/to be/be made/vbn has/hvz been/ben under/in discussion/nn )/) ,/, what/wdt is/bez said/vbn is/bez probably/rb I'll/ppss go/vb with/in him/ppo ,/, and/cc dominant/jj stress/nn is/bez probably/rb on/in the/at preposition/nn with/in ./.
When/wrb a/at gesture/nn accompanies/vbz who's/wps he/pps ?/. ?/.
the/at personal/jj pronoun/nn has/hvz dominant/jj stress/nn because/cs ``/`` he/pps ''/'' has/hvz not/* been/ben mentioned/vbn previously/rb ./.
If/cs both/abx George/np and/cc a/at piece/nn of/in information/nn George/np does/doz not/* have/hv are/ber prominent/jj in/in the/at context/nn ,/, but/cc the/at idea/nn of/in telling/vbg George/np is/bez new/jj ,/, then/rb dominant/jj stress/nn will/md probably/rb be/be on/in tell/vb in/in why/wrb not/* tell/vb George/np ?/. ?/.
But/cc when/wrb what/wdt is/bez new/jj in/in a/at particular/jj context/nn is/bez also/rb fairly/ql obvious/jj ,/, there/ex is/bez normally/rb only/rb light/jj stress/nn or/cc no/at stress/nn at/in all/abn ./.
Thus/rb the/at unstressed/jj it/pps of/in it/pps rarely/rb snows/vbz here/rb gets/vbz its/pp$ significance/nn from/in its/pp$ use/nn with/in snows/vbz :/: nothing/pn can/md snow/vb snow/nn but/in ``/`` it/ppo ''/'' ./.
In/in there/ex aren't/ber many/ap young/jj people/nns in/in the/at neighborhood/nn the/at modifier/nn young/jj takes/vbz dominant/jj stress/nn away/rb from/in its/pp$ head/nn people/nns :/: the/at fact/nn that/cs the/at young/jj creatures/nns of/in interest/nn are/ber people/nns seems/vbz rather/ql obvious/jj ./.
If/cs women/nns replaced/vbd people/nns ,/, it/pps would/md normally/rb have/hv dominant/jj stress/nn ./.
In/in I/ppss have/hv things/nns to/to do/do the/at word/nn things/nns makes/vbz little/ap real/jj contribution/nn to/in meaning/nn and/cc has/hvz weaker/jjr stress/nn than/cs do/do ./.
If/cs work/nn is/bez substituted/vbn for/in things/nns (/( with/in more/ql exact/jj contribution/nn to/in meaning/nn )/) ,/, it/pps will/md have/hv dominant/jj stress/nn ./.
In/in I/ppss know/vb one/cd thing/nn dominant/jj stress/nn is/bez likely/jj to/to go/vb to/in one/cd rather/rb than/cs to/in semantically/rb pale/jj thing/nn ./.
In/in I/ppss knew/vbd you/ppo when/wrb you/ppss were/bed a/at child/nn ,/, and/cc you/ppss were/bed pretty/jj then/rb dominant/jj stress/nn on/in then/rb implies/vbz that/cs the/at young/jj woman/nn spoken/vbn to/in is/bez still/rb pretty/jj ./.
Dominant/jj stress/nn on/in pretty/jj would/md be/be almost/ql insulting/jj here/rb ./.
In/in the/at written/vbn language/nn then/rb can/md be/be underlined/vbn or/cc italicized/vbn to/to guide/vb the/at reader/nn here/rb ,/, but/cc much/ap of/in the/at time/nn the/at written/vbn language/nn simply/rb depends/vbz on/in the/at reader's/nn$ alertness/nn ,/, and/cc a/at careless/jj reader/nn will/md have/hv to/to back/vb up/rp and/cc reread/vb ./.


	Often/rb ,/, dominant/jj stress/nn simply/rb indicates/vbz a/at centering/nn of/in attention/nn or/cc emotion/nn ./.
Thus/rb in/in it's/pps incredible/jj what/wdt that/dt boy/nn can/md eat/vb dominant/jj stress/nn is/bez likely/jj to/to be/be on/in incredible/jj ,/, and/cc eat/vb will/md have/hv strong/jj stress/nn also/rb ./.
In/in she/pps has/hvz it/ppo in/rp for/in George/np dominant/jj stress/nn will/md ordinarily/rb be/be on/in in/rp ,/, where/wrb the/at notion/nn of/in stored-up/jj antipathy/nn seems/vbz to/to center/vb ./.
In/in we're/ppss painting/vbg at/in our/pp$ garage/nn strong/jj stress/nn on/in at/in indicates/vbz that/cs the/at job/nn being/beg done/vbn is/bez not/* real/jj painting/nn but/cc simply/rb an/at effort/nn at/in painting/vbg ./.
Where/wrb there/ex is/bez comparison/nn or/cc contrast/nn ,/, dominant/jj stresses/nns normally/rb operate/vb to/to center/vb attention/nn ./.
Thus/rb in/in his/pp$ friends/nns are/ber stranger/jjr than/cs his/pp$ sisters'/nns$ strong/jj stresses/nns are/ber normal/jj for/in his/pp$ and/cc sisters'/nns$ ,/, but/cc in/in his/pp$ friends/nns are/ber stranger/jjr than/in his/pp$ sisters/nns strong/jj stresses/nns are/ber normal/jj for/in friends/nns and/cc sisters/nns ./.
In/in he's/pps hurting/vbg himself/ppl more/rbr than/cs he's/pps hurting/vbg you/ppo both/abx himself/ppl and/cc you/ppo have/hv stronger/jjr stress/nn than/cs they/ppss would/md ordinarily/rb have/hv if/cs there/ex were/bed no/at contrast/nn ./.
In/in is/bez she/pps Chinese/jj or/cc Japanese/jj ?/. ?/.
The/at desire/nn to/to contrast/vb the/at first/od parts/nns of/in words/nns which/wdt are/ber alike/jj in/in their/pp$ last/ap components/nns produces/vbz an/at exceptional/jj disregard/nn of/in the/at normal/jj patterns/nns of/in stress/nn of/in Chinese/np and/cc Japanese/jj ./.
Sometimes/rb strong/jj stress/nn serves/vbz to/to focus/vb an/at important/jj secondary/jj relationship/nn ./.
Thus/rb in/in Mary/np wrote/vbd an/at account/nn of/in the/at trip/nn first/od strong/jj stress/nn on/in Mary/np marks/vbz Mary/np as/cs the/at first/od in/in a/at series/nn of/in people/nns who/wps wrote/vbd accounts/nns of/in the/at trip/nn ,/, strong/jj stress/nn on/in wrote/vbd marks/vbz the/at writing/nn as/cs the/at first/od of/in a/at series/nn of/in actions/nns of/in Mary's/np$ concerned/vbn with/in an/at account/nn of/in her/pp$ trip/nn (/( about/in which/wdt she/pps may/md later/rbr have/hv made/vbn speeches/nns ,/, for/in example/nn )/) ,/, and/cc strong/jj stress/nn on/in trip/nn makes/vbz the/at trip/nn the/at first/od of/in a/at series/nn of/in subjects/nns about/in which/wdt Mary/np wrote/vbd accounts/nns ./.
In/in hunger/nn stimulates/vbz man/nn too/rb the/at situation/nn is/bez very/ql similar/jj ./.
Strong/jj stress/nn on/in hunger/nn treats/vbz hunger/nn as/cs an/at additional/jj stimulus/nn ,/, strong/jj stress/nn on/in stimulates/vbz treats/nns stimulation/nn as/cs an/at additional/jj effect/nn of/in hunger/nn ,/, strong/jj stress/nn on/in man/nn treats/vbz man/nn as/cs an/at additional/jj creature/nn who/wps responds/vbz to/in the/at stimulation/nn of/in hunger/nn ./.
Here/rb again/rb ,/, in/in the/at written/vbn language/nn it/pps is/bez possible/jj to/to help/vb the/at reader/nn get/vb his/pp$ stresses/nns right/jj by/in using/vbg underlining/vbg or/cc italics/nns ,/, but/cc much/ap of/in the/at time/nn there/ex is/bez simply/rb reliance/nn on/in his/pp$ understanding/nn in/in the/at light/nn of/in context/nn ./.


	When/wrb a/at word/nn represents/vbz a/at larger/jjr construction/nn of/in which/wdt it/pps is/bez the/at only/ap expressed/vbn part/nn ,/, it/pps normally/rb has/hvz more/ap stress/nn than/cs it/pps would/md have/hv in/in fully/ql expressed/vbn construction/nn ./.
Thus/rb when/wrb yes/rb ,/, I/ppss have/hv is/bez the/at response/nn to/in have/hv you/ppss finished/vbn reading/vbg the/at paper/nn ?/. ?/.
The/at stress/nn on/in have/hv ,/, which/wdt here/rb represents/vbz have/hv finished/vbn reading/vbg the/at paper/nn ,/, is/bez quite/ql strong/jj ./.
In/in Mack's/np the/at leader/nn at/in camp/nn ,/, but/cc Jack/np is/bez here/rb the/at is/bez of/in the/at second/od main/jjs declarative/nn represents/vbz is/bez the/at leader/nn and/cc therefore/rb has/hvz stress/nn ./.
Mack's/np the/at leader/nn at/in camp/nn ,/, but/cc Jack's/np here/rb ,/, with/in this/dt is/bez deprived/vbn of/in stress/nn ,/, makes/vbz here/rb the/at complement/nn in/in the/at clause/nn ./.
In/in of/in all/abn the/at suggestions/nns that/wps were/bed made/vbn ,/, his/pp$ was/bedz the/at silliest/jjt the/at possessive/nn his/pp$ represents/vbz his/pp$ suggestion/nn and/cc is/bez stressed/vbn ./.
When/wrb go/vb represents/vbz itself/ppl and/cc a/at complement/nn (/( being/beg equivalent/jj ,/, say/uh ,/, to/in go/vb to/in Martinique/np )/) in/in which/wdt boat/nn did/dod Jack/np go/vb on/in ?/. ?/.
It/pps has/hvz strong/jj stress/nn ;/. ;/.
when/wrb it/pps represents/vbz only/rb itself/ppl and/cc on/in which/wdt is/bez its/pp$ complement/nn (/( so/cs that/cs go/vb on/in is/bez semantically/rb equivalent/jj to/in board/vb )/) ,/, on/in has/hvz stronger/jjr stress/nn than/cs go/vb does/doz ./.
Omission/nn of/in a/at subordinator/nn pronoun/nn ,/, however/rb ,/, does/doz not/* result/vb in/in an/at increase/nn in/in stress/nn on/in a/at prepositional/jj adverb/nn for/in which/wdt the/at subordinator/nn pronoun/nn would/md be/be object/nn ./.
Thus/rb to/in has/hvz light/jj stress/nn both/abx in/in that/dt was/bedz the/at conclusion/nn that/wpo I/ppss came/vbd to/in and/cc in/in that/dt was/bedz the/at conclusion/nn I/ppss came/vbd to/in ./.
But/cc when/wrb to/to represents/vbz to/in consciousness/nn in/in that/wps was/bedz the/at moment/nn that/cs I/ppss came/vbd to/in ,/, and/cc similarly/rb in/in that/wps was/bedz the/at moment/nn I/ppss came/vbd to/in ,/, there/ex is/bez much/ql stronger/jjr stress/nn on/in to/in ./.
In/in I/ppss wanted/vbd to/to tell/vb him/ppo ,/, but/cc I/ppss was/bedz afraid/jj to/to the/at final/jj to/to is/bez lightly/rb stressed/vbn because/cs it/pps represents/vbz to/to tell/vb him/ppo ./.
In/in to/to tell/vb him/ppo ,/, of/in course/nn ,/, to/to is/bez normally/rb unstressed/jj ./.
When/wrb I/ppss have/hv instructions/nns to/to leave/vb is/bez equivalent/jj in/in meaning/nn to/in I/ppss have/hv instructions/nns that/cs I/ppss am/bem to/to leave/vb this/dt place/nn ,/, dominant/jj stress/nn is/bez ordinarily/rb on/in leave/vb ./.
When/wrb the/at same/ap sequence/nn is/bez equivalent/jj in/in meaning/nn to/in I/ppss have/hv instructions/nns which/wdt I/ppss am/bem to/to leave/vb ,/, dominant/jj stress/nn is/bez ordinarily/rb on/in instructions/nns ./.


	It/pps is/bez clear/jj that/cs patterns/nns of/in stress/nn sometimes/rb show/vb construction/nn unambiguously/rb in/in the/at spoken/vbn language/nn where/wrb without/in the/at help/nn of/in context/nn it/pps would/md be/be ambiguous/jj in/in the/at written/vbn ./.
Other/ap examples/nns follow/vb ./.
``/`` I'll/ppss come/vb by/rb Tuesday/nr ./.
I/ppss can't/md be/be happy/jj long/rb without/in drinking/vbg water/nn ''/'' ./.
In/in the/at first/od of/in these/dts sentences/nns if/cs by/in is/bez the/at complement/nn of/in come/vb and/cc Tuesday/nr is/bez an/at adjunct/nn of/in time/nn equivalent/jj to/in on/in Tuesday/nr ,/, there/ex will/md be/be strong/jj stress/nn on/in by/in in/in the/at spoken/vbn language/nn ;/. ;/.
but/cc if/cs a/at complement/nn for/in come/vb is/bez implied/vbn and/cc by/in Tuesday/nr is/bez a/at prepositional/jj unit/nn used/vbn as/cs an/at adjunct/nn ,/, by/in will/md be/be unstressed/jj or/cc lightly/rb stressed/vbn at/in most/ap ./.
In/in the/at second/od sentence/nn if/cs drinking/vbg water/nn is/bez a/at gerundial/jj clause/nn and/cc without/in drinking/vbg water/nn is/bez roughly/ql equivalent/jj in/in meaning/nn to/in unless/cs I/ppss drink/vb water/nn ,/, there/ex will/md be/be stronger/jjr stress/nn on/in water/nn than/cs on/in drinking/vbg ;/. ;/.
but/cc if/cs drinking/vbg is/bez a/at gerundial/jj noun/nn modifying/vbg water/nn and/cc without/in drinking/vbg water/nn is/bez equivalent/jj to/in without/in water/nn for/in drinking/vbg ,/, there/ex will/md be/be stronger/jjr stress/nn on/in drinking/vbg than/cs on/in water/nn ./.
But/cc the/at use/nn of/in stress/nn in/in comparison/nn and/cc contrast/nn ,/, for/in example/nn ,/, can/md undermine/vb distinctions/nns such/jj as/cs these/dts ./.
And/cc patterns/nns of/in stress/nn are/ber not/* always/rb unambiguous/jj by/in any/dti means/nns ./.
In/in the/at Steiners/nps have/hv busy/jj lives/nns without/in visiting/vbg relatives/nns only/ap context/nn can/md indicate/vb whether/cs visiting/vbg relatives/nns is/bez equivalent/jj in/in meaning/nn to/in paying/vbg visits/nns to/in relatives/nns or/cc to/in relatives/nns who/wps are/ber visiting/vbg them/ppo ,/, and/cc in/in I/ppss looked/vbd up/rp the/at number/nn and/cc I/ppss looked/vbd up/in the/at chimney/nn only/rb the/at meanings/nns of/in number/nn and/cc chimney/nn make/vb it/ppo clear/jj that/cs up/in is/bez syntactically/rb a/at second/od complement/nn in/in the/at first/od sentence/nn and/cc a/at preposition/nn followed/vbn by/in its/pp$ object/nn in/in the/at second/od ./.



Syllabification/nn ./.

--/-- Syllables/nns are/ber linguistic/jj units/nns centering/vbg in/in peaks/nns which/wdt are/ber usually/rb vocalic/jj but/cc ,/, as/cs has/hvz been/ben noted/vbn ,/, are/ber consonantal/jj under/in certain/ap circumstances/nns ,/, and/cc which/wdt may/md or/cc may/md not/* be/be combined/vbn with/in preceding/vbg and/or/cc following/vbg consonants/nns or/cc combinations/nns of/in consonants/nns ./.
Syllables/nns are/ber genuine/jj units/nns ,/, but/cc division/nn of/in words/nns and/cc sentences/nns into/in them/ppo presents/vbz great/jj difficulties/nns ./.
Sometimes/rb even/rb the/at number/nn of/in syllables/nns is/bez not/* clear/jj ./.
Doubt/nn on/in this/dt point/nn is/bez strongest/jjt before/in /l//nn and/cc AAb//nn or/cc /r//nn ./.
From/in the/at point/nn of/in view/nn of/in word/nn formation/nn real/jj might/md be/be expected/vbn to/to have/hv two/cd syllables/nns ./.
Historically/rb re/nn is/bez the/at formative/nn that/wps is/bez employed/vbn also/rb in/in republic/nn ,/, and/cc al/nn is/bez the/at common/jj suffix/nn ./.
When/wrb ity/nn is/bez added/vbn ,/, real/jj clearly/rb has/hvz two/cd syllables/nns ./.
But/cc there/ex is/bez every/at reason/nn to/to regard/vb deal/vb as/cs a/at monosyllable/nn ,/, and/cc because/rb of/in the/at fact/nn that/cs /l//nn commonly/rb has/hvz the/at quality/nn of/in AAb//nn when/wrb it/pps follows/vbz vowel/nn sounds/nns ,/, deal/vb seems/vbz to/to be/be a/at perfectly/ql satisfactory/jj rhyme/nn with/in deal/vb ./.

